Eco-Friendly Construction Methods.

 Eco-Friendly Construction Methods.

Building materials, their resource extraction, manufacturing, use,Disposal has become a major component of the overall human impact on the entire world Ecosystem and global climate, especially Industrial Revolution. At a rapid pace in the last half century Find raw materials and energy to produce buildings, urbanization around the world Now absorbs materials and waste from their production, use and disposal Imminent global issues. For example, production of Portland cement only Equivalent to 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions from human sources (WRI). Another very prominent example is unprecedented deforestation. It is occurring all over the world to produce timber for building construction. Consequent loss Forest diversity, soil stability, water quality, and other long-term ecological and The economic value is well known. Because the building materials industry manufactured is all raw materials and energy Consumers, and producing some waste, they are important targets around the world Improved efficiency and reduced environmental pollution.

Definition:
Environmentally friendly building materials are building materials that provide appropriate services. Extend life with minimal maintenance while minimizing raw extraction Materials, pollution, energy consumed by manufacturing and use, and it Maximum potential for reuse or resource recovery.

Material environmental life cycle: resource extraction; manufacturing;
Transportation; use Every building material or system has an "environmental life cycle". Many of the environmental factors are not, so it is the same as its "economic life cycle" Well explained by traditional economics. For example, resource extraction Waste discharge is counted as a beneficial economic activity, It is harmful to the environment.

Manufacturing
The next stage of the life cycle is manufacturing. Three useful means used for To calculate the impact of product manufacturing:
• Solid waste and toxic substances produced.
• Air and water pollution that has occurred.
• Energy consumed per unit of raw material.
These factors can be extended to the raw material extraction stage described above. The· The manufacturing stage is energy Waste recovery is usually most effective in reducing waste and pollutants. Associated with the material.

Transport
Transportation can account for the majority of the total energy consumption of a product. Especially for bulky or heavy materials such as stone, concrete and steel. air Cargo has the highest energy and pollution costs.

Installation and use
At the stage of installation and use of the material life cycle, energy is usually minimal and Impact on waste at all stages unless the material requires heavy maintenance Or glazing or Insulation that affects energy performance. Installation and use of materials in The method that allows its removal for reuse or recycling may be of utmost importance Material-related environmental life cycle coefficients at this stage. Design field The disassembly is very inadequate and requires great care.It has been defined so far.

Reuse / Recycle or Dispose
When a material is removed from use, its fate is also a very important factor. Overall life cycle. Materials represent an investment in environmental and economic costs. A standardized method for assessing and applying the life cycle of trade name materials "Green Labeling" is being developed in Western Europe, Japan and the North America for over 10 years (Appendix A). Ultimately wide availability and high The reliability of material labeling enables accurate purchase decisions based on: Environmental impact, HVAC, as well as appliance energy performance labeling Equipment and windows have made responsible energy choices more reliable.

Other economic factors
All materials represent the environmental debt incurred in their manufacture. This debt Habitat turbulence, raw materials consumed, energy consumed, and Waste has been generated. The usefulness of this material in providing services is on the credit side Of the equation. Over time, disturbed habitats can heal, and renewable raw materials It is replaced (or recycled if it is non-renewable) and the waste is absorbed, but these are all Great reliance on materials, ecosystem details and technology Adding time to this equation reveals that it extends what is useful. Material and building life is one of the most effective ways to shorten life.

Important economic life cycle
The biggest difficulty in accepting durable materials is the initial cost. In In the above case, the material cost of a more durable roof is 2-5 times that of 15. Year asphalt roof. From the perspective of simple life cycle cost analysis 15 years roof replacement regularly, waste disposal costs, 15 years Roofs are more expensive than options that are durable for decades. But, Individuals or organizations that are or are not very sensitive to initial cost financing Having a building for a long time makes it difficult to justify a durable option. This is strong Examples of lack of environmental responsibility and inadequate long-term investment General value in the choice of building materials for the market economy. The amount of money you can spend on a building, and therefore what you can spend on durability, High quality and environmentally friendly materials are driven by financing methods It is called the capitalization rate. The capitalization rate method is The value placed on the building in terms of market price or potential rental income, and Given a particular interest rate, profit, determine if it is economical to spend on it Margins, depreciation, etc. When the definition of market value is subject to change Slightly embraces durability, environmental quality, and future security Lack of replacement material or increased disposal and replacement costs, That way, you can better justify your investment in high quality, environmentally friendly materials. The same trend is beginning to emerge in energy efficient buildings.